1.英语科学小知识
1. bat an eye (show surprise, fear, or interest) 眨一下眼睛(表示惊讶、恐惧等)该成语通常用于否定句中,表示不露声色。
例:Tom told his story without batting an eye, although not a world of it was true.虽然没有一句话是真的,汤姆编造故事却面不改色。2. be all fingers and thumbs做事笨手笨脚例:He could not undo the string of the parcel ---- she was all fingers and thumbs.他怎么也解不开包袱上的绳子 ---- 真是笨手笨脚。
3. be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth (born with inherited privilege or wealth) 门第高贵;出生富豪[注] 银具是富裕人家身份的象征之一,生在富贵人家的孩子多用银匙 (silver spoon) 喂食。 例:When does she know about hardship ---- she was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.她根本就不知道什么叫艰难 ---- 他出生在富贵人家。
4. be in sth. up to one's neck (be very much and very seriously involved in) 深陷于。
中例:She said she knew nothing about the robbery, but I'm sure she's in it up to her neck.她说她对这起抢劫案一无所知,不过我敢肯定她深深卷入其中。5. bite the hand that feeds one (be very ungrateful) 忘恩负义;以怨报德例:She felt that her protégé had bitten the hand that fed him by making unkind remarks about her in public.她觉得她的被保护人在公开场合讲有损她的话是忘恩负义。
6. bite off sb's nose (scold sb. severely; disagree with sb. in a bad manner) 气势汹汹地回答某人;声色俱厉地训斥某人[注] 也作snap off sb's head。该成语最早出现于16世纪。
到了18世纪,有人用动词 snap 替换该成语中的 bite 一词。例:She bites off his nose on the faintest provocation.不管有事无事,她动不动就声色俱厉地训斥他。
7. break the back of sth. (complete the heaviest or most difficult part of sth. hurt the most import part) 门第高贵;出生富豪[注] 银具是富裕人家身份的象征之一,生在富贵人家的孩子多用银匙 (silver spoon) 喂食。同义语有be born in (或to) the pruple; be radled in purple.例:Now that you've broken the back of the job, have a rest.你既然已经完成了这项工作的主要部分,那就休息一下吧。
8. bury one's head in the sand (deliberately ignore sth. that is obvious but unpleasant) 逃避现实;拒绝承认现实[注] 鸵鸟遇到危险时,总是把头埋在沙里,自己看不见敌人就认为敌人也看不见自己,由此产生这一成语。例:He had suspected for some months that his son was taking drugs, but he had buried his head in the sand and refused to admit it, even to himself.几个月来,他一直怀疑自己的儿子在吸毒,但他却采取鸵鸟政策,拒绝承认现实。
9. carry a chip on one's shoulder (have rather an aggressive manner, as if always expecting to be insulted, ill-treated) 以挑衅的态度出现;像要跟人家打架似的[注] 19世纪中叶美国中西部的居民寻衅打架时,常把一块碎木片(chip)放在肩膀上,谁要与他打架就得先击落这块木片。例:He is very difficult to deal with ---- he's always carried a chip on his shoulder about his lack of education.他这个人很难对付----由于没能受到良好的教育,他整天都像要跟人家打架似的。
10. chance one's arm (do sth. risky; take a risk) 冒险一试;碰碰运气[注] 该成语原出自拳击运动,后被裁缝吸收为行话;从1890年起,又被士兵们用来指“冒降级的险”例:The manager decided to chance his arms and try to write a book on economy.这个经理决定碰碰运气,试着写一本关于经济的书。
2.英语科普小知识,急
要想学好英语不止才有这几个方面,还要掌握一些重要的知识。
例如:英语中的“八大时态”。“八大时态”分别有:一般将来时,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,现在完成时,过去将来时,过去完成时和过去进行时。
当然英语的“八大时态”也很重要,它也是学好英语的最基本。以下是“八大时态”的简介。
一、一般时态 1、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等连用。 (2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。
(3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。
(2)表示过去习惯性动作。(注意与be used to doing短语的区别) 3.一般将来时 1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。
2)几种替代形式: 1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有“必要”的强制性意义。3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。
4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事, 必定发生的事。5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。
. 二、进行时态 1.现在进行时 (1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等连用。(2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作, 常与always,continually,forever,constantly等连用。
(3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。
即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。
(4)有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉,感情,存在,从属”等的动词。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel, notice,look,appear,(表示感觉的词);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse, forgive(表示感情的动词);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have,possess, own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember (表示思考理解的动词)。
但是如果它们词义改变,便也可用进行时态2. 过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。3. 将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。
常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等4. 完成进行时 (现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分讲述。 三、完成时态 完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。
它可分为: 1. 现在完成时 (1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:since, for, during, over等引导出的短语;副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等 (3)完成时态可用在下列结构中:This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。2. 过去完成时 (1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。
(2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如: I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是: 1)was / were + to have done sth, (3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型: 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。
2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。3)by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。
3. 将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有: by (the time / the end of 。
3.科普英语的内容
暗银河系的发现及其科学意义 In addition to conventional galaxies, the universe contains very dim galaxies that until recently went unnoticed by astronomers. Possibly as numerous as conventional galaxies, these galaxies have the same general shape and even the same approximate number of stars as a common type of conventional galaxy, the spiral, but tend to be much larger. Because these galaxies 'mass is spread out over larger areas, they have far fewer stars per unit volume than do conventional galaxies. Apparently these low-surface-brightness galaxies, as they are called, take much longer than conventional galaxies to condense their primordial gas and convert it to stars—that is, they evolve much more slowly. These galaxies may constitute an answer to the long-standing puzzle of the missingbaryonic mass in the universe. Baryons—subatomic particles亚原子粒子 that are generally protons or neutrons—are the source of stellar, and therefore galactic, luminosity, and so their numbers can be estimated based on how luminous galaxies are. However, the amount of helium in the universe, as measured by spectroscopy光谱学, suggests that there are far more baryons in the universe than estimates based on galactic luminosity indicate. Astronomers have long speculated that the missing baryonic mass might eventuallybe discovered in intergalactic space星系际的空间 or as some large population of galaxies that are difficult to detect. -------------------------------另类海豹哺乳方式与众不同 Until recently, zoologists believed that all species of phocids (true seals), a pinnipped family, use a different maternal strategy than do otariids (fur seals andsea lions), another pinniped family. Mother otariids use a foraging strategy. They acquire moderate energy stores in the form of blubber before arriving at breeding sites and then fast for 5 to 11 days after birth. Throughout the rest of the lactation (milk production) period, which lasts from 4 months to 3 years depending on the species, mother otariids alternately forage at sea, where they replenish their fat stores, and nurse their young at breeding sites. Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocids species, by contrast,use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period, which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on the species. However, recent studies onharbor seals, a phocids species, found that lactating females commenced foragingapproximately 6 days after giving birth and on average made 7 foraging trips during the remainder of their 24-day lactation period. The maternal strategy evolved by harbor seals may have to do with their small size and the large proportion of their fat stores depleted in lactation. Harbor seals are small compared with other phocids species such as grey seals, all of which are known to fast for the entire lactation period. Studies show that mother seals of these species use respectively 84 percent, 58 percent, and 33 percent of their fat stores during lactation. By comparison, harbor seals use 80 percent of their fat stores in just the first 19 days of lactation, even though they occasionally feed during this period. Since such a large proportion of their fat stores is exhausted despite feeding, mother harbor seals clearly cannot support all of lactation using only energy stored before giving birth. Though smallerthan many other phocids, harbor seals are similar in size to most otariids. In addition,there is already some evidence suggesting that the ringed seal, a phocids species thatis similar in size to the harbor seal, may also use a maternal foraging strategy.------------------------------pheromones是什么东东,是不是该划为odorantThere is no consensus among researchers regarding what qualifies a substance as a pheromone. While most agree on a basic definition of pheromones as chemicals released by one individual of a species which, when detected by another individual of the same species, elicit a specific behavioral or physiological response, some researchers also specify that the response to pheromones must be unconscious. In addition, the distinctionbetween pheromones and odorants—chemicals that are consciously detected as odors---can be blurry, and some researchers classify pheromones as atype of odorant. Evidence that pheromone responses may not involve conscious odor perception comes from the finding that in many species, pheromones are processed by the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory) system, which uses a special structure in the nose, the vomeronasal organ (VNO),。
4.英语基本知识有哪些
单词 和 语法 一、英语语句基本结构分析: 主谓宾结构: 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等 例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen. 主系表结构: 主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。 联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。
其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。 表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。
可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语: The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。 Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词: Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。 There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语: His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 介词短语作定语: The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语: The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语: The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。 不定式作定语: The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。 There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词(短语)作定语: The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。 定语从句: The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。 There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
采纳哦。
5.科学知识英语作文200字带翻译
As we all know that the popularizing rate of the scientific knowledge for Americas isn't high,so is the chinese.In fact,the popularizing rate of a country is very important for it is related with the development and progress of the country.
Duo to China once was a feudal state owning more than two thousand years' history,some superstition still exists in many people's mind.In order to raise the popularizing rate of scientific knowledge,we should follow the prescribed order.
Firstly,we can open up some courses about the scientific knowledge in the kingdergatens,primary schools and middle school.Besides,some scientific knowledge can be introduced to the young through the form of cartoons to raise their interests.
Secondly,some activities with award about the scientific knowledge can be held in cities and countryside to raise the scientific knowledge of the middle and old aged people.
Therefore,let's try our best to learn more about the scientific knowledge to make a difference both for ourselves and our motherland.
希望能帮上你!!
6.英语小知识
英语小知识(1):
英语的起源
英语的起源要追溯到公元5世纪的古英语,它是其最早的雏形。一向到15世纪才有了标点符号。我们仍然在使用的“城镇”(town),是延续至今的最古老的古英语单词。
英语小知识(2):
同一个单词,不一样的意思
你可能明白“电臀舞”(twerk)这个单词是指一种很流行的摇摆舞蹈。但在16世纪时,“twirk”(当时中间字母的拼写为i而不是e)是指“急促扭转的一种动作”。提到“电臀舞”,有一些与之相关的现代词汇和俚语,你就应有所了解。
英语小知识(3):
字典里的新词
每两个小时就会有一个新词被收入字典之中。其中包括“nerdjacking”(用很详细的解释来引导谈话)、“undorse”(扭转政策局面)和“Mx”(代替先生(Mr。)或女士(Ms。)的一种中性称谓)。
英语小知识(4):
OK的来历
Okay可能是除了Yes,No以外在世界上流传最广的英语单词了。但是,它从何而来呢?历来,语言学家们各执一词。
有人说,okay是印第安人发明的。有这样一个印第安部落叫Chocktaw,居住在富饶的密西西比山谷中,以种植和捕鱼为生。
每当有问题发生,Chocktaw的领导人们就和部落首领围坐一圈,共同商议,如果有人同意其他人的意见,就点头示意,然后说“Okeh”,意思为“就是这样”。
欧洲人初到美洲时,听到了超多的印第安语,并将之发展为英语词汇。此刻美国的许多城市、河流、山脉,其名称都源于印第安语。
另外还有一种颇具可信度的说法:Okay这个词是在19世纪由一个政治团体发明的。
有一个人叫Martin Van Buren,准备参加总统竞选,他的拥护者成立了一个俱乐部为他做宣传,俱乐部的名称就叫“Okay Club”,据说O和K两个字母取自于Van Buren的故乡,纽约州的Old Kinderhook,那是他出生的地方。
对一个如此popular的词汇,自然每个人都可能有自我的故事,但是,有一点,相信全世界都会同意:okay是一个纯粹的美语词汇,它是词汇跨越不一样语言的优秀典范。
只是还有需要小小提醒一下的地方:okay通常用于口语,在书面语中,我们能够用agree,assent,approve,conform等等词汇来代替,使之更为正式化。
7.我想知道一些趣味科学知识
● 英文单词“queue”发音和把它后四个字母去掉后的发音一样。
● 甲虫尝起来的味道像是苹果,黄蜂尝起来像是松果,蚯蚓尝起来像是熏肉。 ● 英文单词里面“set”一词的解释最多。
(头大) ● 在说英语的国家里,“French kiss(法国式接吻)”一词的意思同法国人说“English kiss(英国氏接吻)”一样。 ● “Almost”是按照字母表顺序排下来的最长的单词(A、B、C……顺序排)。
● “Rhythm”是没有元音的最长的单词(by也没有,就是短点)。 ● 在1386年,法国的一只猪被判了绞刑,因为它谋杀了一名儿童(估计给吃了,前两天印度也发生这事儿了)。
● 一只蟑螂可以在头被砍下来后继续活好几个星期! ● 人的大腿骨比混凝土还要结实。 ● 你不可能用双手勒住自己的脖子窒息而死。
(你可以试试) ● 每一个大洲上都有一个叫做“罗马”的城市。(果真是条条大路通罗马) ● 在冰岛,养一只宠物狗是违法的。
● 你的心脏每天跳动10万次。 ● “Horatio Nelson”是一名杰出的英国海军上将,但是它的晕船的毛病伴随了他的一生。
(晕) ● Jeremy Bentham的骨骼出现在伦敦大学每一次的大型会议上。 ● 右撇子比左撇子平均寿命长9年。
(幸亏不是左撇子) ● 你的肋骨一年运动500万次,随你每次呼吸起伏。 ● 大象是唯一不会跳跃的哺乳动物。
● 你骨骼数量的四分之一都集中在你的两只脚上。(脚丫还挺复杂) ● 同指纹一样,每个人的“舌纹”也各不相同。
● 世界上第一次输血始于1667年,是把两品脱的羊血输入到一个小伙子体内。 ● 手指甲比脚趾甲生长的速度快3倍。
● 你房间里最多的灰尘是你脱落的死皮。 ● 预测2080年世界人口将达到50亿! ● 女人眨眼的速度是男人的两倍。
(抛媚眼用吧) ● 阿道夫.希特勒是一位素食主义者,而且他只有一个睾丸。 ● 纯蜂蜜是唯一不会变质的食物,因为考古学家从金字塔中找到的蜂蜜仍可食用。
● 如果一个月的第一天是周日,那这个月的13号肯定是星期五。(好像是废话) ● 如果可口可乐不加色素的话,它会是绿色的。
(难道是醒目?) ● 每一只猬的心脏一分钟跳动300次。 ● 每一年死于蜂蜇的人数要高于死于蛇咬的人数。
● 每一只铅笔能够画出35英里长的线,或者写下5万个英文单词。 ● 对牛奶过敏的人数多于对任何一种食物过敏的人数。
● 骆驼有三层眼皮,防止风沙迷眼。 ● 驴子的眼睛让它可以随时都能看到它的四只脚。
(驴眼果然厉害) ● 六种官方语言分别是:英语、法语、阿拉伯语、汉语、俄语、西班牙语。 ● “Earth”是唯一不用神的名字命名的行星。
● 在美国的内布拉斯加州,打嗝和打喷嚏都是违法的。(没这么严吧) ● 人在出生时有300块骨头,但是成人后只剩206块。
● 一些昆虫如果实在找不到吃的,会吃它们自己。(脑子果然不够使) ● 海豚在睡觉时也睁着一只眼睛。
● 当你打喷嚏时,想要睁开眼睛是不可能的。 ● 世界上最古老的口香糖已经有9000年历史! ● 世界上飞行时间最长的鸡——记录是13秒。
(飞鸡的极限) ● 英国伊丽莎白女皇每三个月洗一次澡。(女皇不用这么节约吧) ● 鼻涕虫有四个鼻子。
● 猫头鹰是唯一一种可以看到蓝色的鸟。 ● 一位名叫“Charles Osborne”的人连续打嗝69年!(能活着就不错了) ● 长颈鹿的舌头有21英寸长,它可以用舌头调到自己的耳朵! ● 平均每人每天笑10次。
● 鸵鸟的眼睛要大于它的大脑。