1.英美文化常识
一。（一）美国货币
美国货币由美元dollar和美分cent组成，one dollar等于100 cents。其纸币bill有一、二、五、十、二十、五十和一百美元等面值；硬币（coin）有一美分（或a penny）、五美分（或a nickel）、十美分（或a dime）和二十五美分（或a quarter）等。在数字前加$表示美元，如：$500表示五百美元；在数字后加C表示美分，如：50C表示50美分；表示由美元和美分组成的钱数时，常用$表示，如：$6.50。
（二）英国货币
英国货币由英镑（pound）和便士（pence）组成，也分为纸币notes和硬币coins。纸币有面值五镑、十镑、二十镑和五十镑；而硬币，即金属货币有一便士、二便士、五便士、十便士、二十便士、五十便士和一镑等。若指一定数额的硬币，通常用piece，如2P(pieces)；随身带的硬币可用change表示。100 pence等于1 pound。在数字前加￡表示多少英镑，如：￡800为800英镑；在数字后加P表示多少便士，如：5P表示五便士（penny的复数）；表示由英镑和便士组成的钱数时通常不说出pence，如3镑50便士可说成￡3.50或three pounds and fifty。
2.英美文化考题~英语大虾进~追加分
Civil and political rights are a class of rights ensuring things such as the protection of peoples' physical integrity; procedural fairness in law; protection from discrimination based on gender, religion, race, etc; individual freedom of belief, speech, association, and the press; and political participation. Contrast with economic, social and cultural rights. Civil and political rights are included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and elaborated upon in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.The theory of three generations of human rights considers these to be first-generation rights, and most (but not all) of them are considered to be negative rights.Examples of civil rights and liberties include the right to get redress if injured by another, the right to privacy, the right of peaceful protest, the right to a fair investigation and trial if suspected of a crime, and more generally-based constitutional rights such as the right to vote, the right to personal freedom, the right to freedom of movement and the right of equal protection.Laws guaranteeing civil rights may be written down, derived from custom, or implied. In the United States and most continental European countries, civil rights laws are most often written. As civilizations emerged and their laws were formalized through written constitutions, some of the more important civil rights were granted to citizens. When those grants were later found inadequate, civil rights movements emerged as the vehicle for claiming more equal protection for all citizens and advocating new laws to restrict the effects of discrimination.Implied rights are rights that a court may find to exist even though not expressly guaranteed by written law or custom, on the theory that a written or customary right must necessarily include the implied right. One famous (and controversial) example of a right implied from the U.S. Constitution is the "right to privacy", which the U.S. Supreme Court found to exist in the 1965 case of Griswold v. Connecticut. In the 1973 case of Roe v. Wade, the court found that state legislation prohibiting or limiting abortion violated this right to privacy. As a rule, state governments can expand civil rights beyond the U.S. Constitution, but they cannot diminish Constitutional rights.。
3.英国文化知识
Let's Learn About England一IntroductionThe British Isles have a rich history going back thousands of years.The history of the United Kingdom includes also the history of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The history is full of invaders, wars, rulers. 二The Kings and Queens Until 1603 the English and Scottish Crowns were separated.Following the Accession of King James VI of Scotland (I of England) to the English Throne. From the end of the 17th century, monarchs lost executive power and they became subject to Parliament, resulting in today's constitutional Monarchy.三The best known Queen: Elizabeth gave the name to a golden age of poets, statesmen and adventurers. Known as the Virgin Queen, or Gloriana.四The best known King:Claims to the throne of France led to the Hundred Years' War and the loss of almost all the large English territory in France. Eduard III五The Historical Flag When King James VI of Scotland ascended to the English throne, thereby becoming James I of England, the national flags of England and Scotland on land continued to be.Flagś crossesThe Union Jack/Flag includes the Cross of St. George (England), the Cross of St. Andrew (Scotland) and the Cross of St. Patrick (Ireland). 六The Most Important WarsThe Hundred Years War 1336-1565 Wars of the Roses 1455-1487Civil War 1642-1645 Boer War 1901-1902World War I 1914-1918 World War II 1939-1945 七Walesa Celtic land of mountains and coalNorthern IrelandIt is clear today that the Irish problem has not been solved. Northern Protestants feel they have a right to determine their own future democratically. Northern Catholics feel they have the right to be part of a united Ireland. 八ScotlandAn English army arrived to relieve the Scots siege of Stirling. Bruce defeated the English army under Edward II, who was lucky to escape with his life. The Scots victory at the Battle of Bannockburn secured complete Scots independence.九EnglandEngland has always played an important role in the worldś economy and business.十Historical Monumentthe name of a very remarkable ancient monument in England It consists of a great collection of stones 十一A Few Facts About EnglandEngland is part of the United Kingdom which is made up of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.England is part of the European Union.The capital of England is London.The money used is called the pound.The population of England is 60,776,238.The language spoken is English.十二Let's visit some important cities in England.Oxford University and the University of Cambridge are both famous around the world.十三England's Important People Famous authors - Beatrix Potter, Roald Dahl and J.K. RowlingWilliam Shakespeare - famous for writing playsQueen Elizabeth and the royal familyThe Beatles -famous singing group who became popular in the 1960sDido – English Singer十四What English Kids DoEnglish kids like to play football, cricket, tennis and netball.Many kids belong to clubs like scouts, judo, karate and church clubs.Kids also like to skateboard, watch TV, ride bicycles and play computer games. Kids in the cities spend time in the many museums.F十五amous Sights in EnglandBig Ben ClockWestminster AbbeyTower of LondonLondon EyeTrafalgar SquareBuckingham Palace 十六Visit the Sights in the Harry Potter Books!!Go to this website for information on places that are important to find - /Funtodo/England/visitharrypottersites.htmKing's Cross StationLondon ZooAlnwick CastleGloucester CathedralLacock Abbey十七What the English Like to EatFish and chipsTea and biscuits。
4.<英美文化>这本书怎么复习
这是一篇题为《如何复习》的文章，是针对自考生写的.希望对你有帮助. 从盎格鲁·撒克逊文学开始到20世纪英国文学结束，千百年来涌现出了许许多多的在欧洲乃至世界文坛享有盛誉的诗人、戏剧家、小说家、小品家、小品文作家等，每一作家身后都留下了为数众多的作品，而对这种情况，很多的考生把这一自考本科段的必考科目视若畏途，或看作学习路上的栏路虎。
笔者多次参加该科目试卷评阅工作，也曾有过在自考班里教授这门课程的经历，积累了一定的经验，总结出了一套方法，经试用效果还不错，希望能对广大自考生们有所裨益。 一、制作小卡片，随时复习 《英国文学史及选读》第一题是作家作品对号，此题看似简单，但这10分却不好拿，有的考生作家比较熟悉，却忘了他的作品；有的对作品不陌生却又记不起是谁写的了。
为了加深记忆，便于复习，一个行之有效的方法就是制作小卡片。其内容可包括作家的名字，生活创作的年代，作品的名称（代表作、成名作、其他重要作品）。
还可加上作品中男女主人公的名称，他们之间的关系等等。 当然，如果想详细一些的话，可以在作者的下面补充上其写作的特色，作品的后面加一其主题，限于空间，最好只写要点或关键词。
二、勤于思索，善于总结 第二题是单项选择题，约占总分值的30%，主要考察文学常识部分。这一部分涉及的面较广，应该注意每个作家在文学史上的地位，某部作品在历史转型时期所起的作用，每个时代的文学流派及其特点等等，所做的复习准备工作要扎实细致，对大纲所指定的参考书目要仔细研究，特别要留意书上结论性，评价性的言语。
第三题为双选题，大约占50%的分值，在四个给出的答案中选出两个正确的答案。显然，其难度要比单选题大，不过内容与第二题大体相当，只不过对于某些文学常识不但要记，而且要记得准。
第四题为填空题，大约占10%的分值，其考查内容为文学常识与作品选 读交叉。如在1997年的考题中有这样一道题：All of the novels written by Samuel Richardson are in the form of letters.考的是对某一作家写作特点的掌握，属于文学常识方面的知识；而“Oliver Twist/ tells the story of an orphan, whose adventures provide a description of the lower depths of London.(98年考题)考的是对狄更斯的一部分作品是否熟悉，属于作品选读方面的内容。
第五题为名词解释，份值约占15%。需要的名词往往是某种文学体裁，如：Romance,sonnet,Realistic Novel等；或是某一类别的作家群体，如：Radical Enlighteners,Lake Poets等；再或是某一文学流派，如：Sentimentalism,Neo-classicism等。
回答第一类名词时要说明该体裁的特点，盛行的年代；第二类要说明盛行的年代，代表性的作家，以及其文学主张等；第三类要说明该派别有何特点和主张，盛行的年代和代表性的作家有哪些等等。 三、分析作品，便于记忆 第六题为作品题分析题，约占总分的10%，考生在该题上失分最多。
究其原因，其一，没有花大量的时间来仔细阅读作品，故而印象不深；其二，由于文学语言是语言中的精华，需要有一定的文学修养和扎实的语言功底才能解读明白，尤其是英语诗歌，有些同学可能读了数遍，到头来还是一头雾水，不知所云。该题的出题方式往往是给出四行短诗，让判明出处，即作者是谁，诗的题目叫什么。
还有就诗的主题，诗人所表达的感情，诗中的意象以及其他方面的内容提出问题。若想答好这道题，如果不对作品进行深入的分析是不可能的。
笔者认为略微学点Poetic Form（诗体），即英诗格律方面的知识对于理解记忆诗歌大有好处，如莎士比亚善Sonnet（十四行诗），弥尔顿不朽的史诗Paradise Lost是用Black verse（素体诗）写成，从诗体着眼，有助于我们正确作出判断。另外，还可从Subject Matter（题材）方面入手，英诗有史诗，抒情诗，叙事诗，哲理诗等，选读中以抒情诗为主，如拜伦，雪莱诗中革命激情的奔放，华兹华斯诗中隐含着的对自然欲语还休的淡淡的忧伤等。
换句话说，诗歌的风格，表达的思想感情，都能为我们判断诗歌提供线索。 四、体裁为经，历史为纬 最后两道题分别是简答题和论述题，约占总分的20%，其内容往往涉及到某一作家的写作特点，在文学史上的地位和作用其考查；某一部作品的主题，复述作品的故事梗概；某一文学流派的特点和主张等等。
为准备这部分内容，可以把指定参考书中所有的作家作品按小说，诗歌，戏剧，散文分类，即以体裁为经，纵向比较各个作家各有何特点，当然，这里会有交叉，一位作者的创作领域会有多样性，既可能是小说家同时又是诗人。以历史为纬，把文学史上所有的文学流派纵向分类比较，即某一时期的某一流派是如何既背离又继承前一时期的文学传统，同时又为下一时期的某种文学流派的兴起开辟了道路。
5.英美文学选读试题及答案
全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题[找答案] 作者：未知 文章来源：互联网 点击数：18 更新时间：2005-11-29 全部题目用英文作答，答案写在答题纸相应的位置上。
PART ONEⅠ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the answers on the answer sheet.1. “For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of asking for more, Oliver remained a close prisoner in the dark and solitary room 。”(Dickens, Oliver Twist) What did Oliver ask for?[A]More time to play. [B]More food to eat.[C]More book to read. [D]More money to spend.2. Mrs. Warren's Profession is one of George Bernard Shaw's plays. What is Mrs. Warren's profession then ?[A]Real estate. [B]Prostitution.[C]House-keeping. [D]Farming.3. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.[A]immortality [B]political [C]money [D]knowledge4. The statement “A demanding mother turns away from her husband and gives all her affection to her sons” sums up the main plot of D. H. Lawrence′s .[A]Lady Chatterley's Lover [B]Women in love[C]Sons and Lovers [D]The Plumed Serpent5.“Come to me-come to me entirely now,” said he ; and added, in his deepest tone, speaking in my ear as his cheek was laid on mine, “Make my happiness-I will make yours.”The above passage presents a scene in .[A]Emily Bronte's Withering Heights[B]Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre[C]John Galsworthy′s The Forsyte Saga[D]Thomas Hardy′s Tess of the D′Urbervilles6.Which of the following is NOT written by William Butler Yeats?[A] “Sailing to Byzantium.” [B] “The Lake Isle of Innisfree.”[C] “Leda and the Swan.” [D] “The Waste Land.”7. “Drive my dead thought over the universeLike withered leaves to quicken a new birth.”(Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Ode to the West Wind”)What rhetorical device does the poet use in the quoted lines? [A]Synecdoche. [B]Metaphor.[C]Simile. [D]Onomatopoeia.8.Crusoe is the hero in The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Grusoe, of York, Mariner (also known as Robinson Crusoe)by . [A]Jonathan Swift [B]Daniel Defoe[C]George Eliot [D]D.H.Lawrence9. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by . [A]John Keats [B]William Blake[C]William Wordsworth [D]Percy Bysshe Shelley 10.Christoper Marlow's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” is a (n) .[A]pastoral lyric [B]elegy [C]eulogy [D]epic 11.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance humanism?[A]Cultivation of the art of this world and this life.[B]Tolerance of human foibles.[C]Search for the genuine flavor of ancient culture.[D]Glorification of religious faith.12. “In dream vision Arthur witnessed the loveliness of Gloriana, and upon awaking resolves to seek her.” The two literary figures Arthur and Gloriana are form . [A]Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene[B]William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet[C]Christopher Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His love”[D]John Donne's “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”13.Which of the following best describes the nature of Thomas Hardy's later works?[A]Sentimentalism. [B]Tragic sense.[C]Surrealism. [D]Comic sense.14. “。
This grew: I gave commands;Then all smiles stopped altogether。.”(Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess”)The above lines imply that . [A]the Duchess was killed by her husband [B]the Duchess stopped smiling at her husband's order[C]the Duchess died of laughing too much[D]the Duchess did not want to smile as much as her husband requested15.In which of the following works can you find the proper names “Lilliput,” “Brobdingnag,” “Houyhnhnm,” and “Yahoo”? [A]James Joyce's Ulsses.[B]Charles Dickens's Bleak House.[C]Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.[D]D. H. Lawrence's Women in love.16.As a literary figure, Belinda appears in Alexander Pope's .[A] “The Dunciad” [B] “An Essay on Man”[C] “An Essay on Criticism” [D] “The Rape of the lock” 17. “The novel is structured around the discovery of the hero's origin.” This novel is most probably . [A]Charles Dickens's David Copperfield[B]James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man[C]Thomas Hardy's Far from the Madding Growd[D]Henry Fielding's Tom Jones 18. “To wage by force or guile eternal war,Irreconcilable to our grand Foe.”(John Milton, Paradise lost)By what means were Sat。
6.英美文化基础教程
there are lots of positives and negativesA big negative is an increase of environmental damage. The factories were powered by coal- the smoke from the factories turned pretty much everything black in the UK. Also durring this time there was a mass movement of people from the farms into the cities where they could make more money in the factories. A positive is that it created a huge middle class. Before the IR there was the lower class which consisted of most people and then there was the few people who made up the wealthy upper class that pretty much controlled everything. As the poor people began to work in the factories, they made more money, which gave them more power. The new middle class began to demand rights, they wanted to vote (before only land owners could vote.) However this created a new problem- you can't have uneducated people voting, it can be dangerous. As a result mandatory education was introduced for everyone. Hope this helps POSITIVE:The Industrial Revolution changed the ways by how the world produced its goods. It also changed our societies from a mainly agricultural society to one that in which industry and manufacturing was in control. During this time there were also many new technological advancements, socioeconomic and cultural problems that arised. On the technology front, the biggest advancements were in steam power. New fuels such as coal and petroleum, were incorporated into new steam engines. This revolutionized many industries including textiles and manufacturing. Also, a new communication medium was invented called the telegraph. This made communicating across the ocean much faster. The Industrial Revolution was a time of dramatic change, from hand tools and handmade items, to products which were msass produced by machines. Workers became more productive, and since more items were manufactured, prices dropped, making exclusive and hard to make items available to the poor and not only the rich and elite. Life generally improved,NEGATIVE:The industrial revolution also proved harmful. Pollution increased, working conditions were harmful, and with the employed of women and young children, making them work long and hard hours. Along with the great leap in technology, there was an overall downfall in the socioeconomic and cultural situation of the people. Growth of cities were one of the major consequences of the Industrial Revolution. Many people were driven to the cities to look for work, in turn the ended living in the cities that could not support them. With the new industrial age, a new qauntitative and materialistic view of the world took place. This caused the need for people to consume as much as they could. This still happens today. Living on small wages that required small children to work in factories for long days.The Industrial Revolution, was not a good revolution for the planet. From the time of its start, the factories and industry has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by two-folds. Also in our drive for consumerism, our planets natural resources are being depleted at an alarming rate. Pollution by nuclear waste, pesticides and other chemicals are also the result of the Industrial Revolution.POSITIVE AND NEGATIVEThe Industrial Revolution was a dramatic change in the nature of production in which machines replaced tools, steam and other energy sources replaced human or animal power, and skilled workers were replaced with mostly unskilled workers. The Industrial Revolution resulted in work that had been performed in the home by family members, such as spinning yarn, being performed with the help of large powerful machines in factories, such as the early textile mill. The Industrial Revolution permitted trends begun in the domestication revolution and agricultural revolution to continue, resulting in still greater inequality。
7.必备的美国文化常识有哪些
熔炉---The Melting Pot 美国的别称。
因为美国是一个由来自世界各地不同民族的移民融合组成的国度。这些移民说的英语不像英国人的英语那样具有较强的阶层性与地域多样性。
他们形成了相似的生活习惯与礼节；城乡居民的差别也不像其他国家的那样明显。 美国社会虽然竞争性强，且存在着种族歧视，但它在同化来自不同民族的移民方面又表现出相当大的弹性与包容性。
因而，形成了全新的整体文化与共同的民族意识，使美国成为“一个多民族组成的国家”。美国人的人生观是基于个人奋斗、自我管束与竞争精神之上的。
雅皮士与雅非士---Yuppies and Yuffies 雅皮士是美国人根据嬉皮士（Hippies）仿造的一个新词，意思是“年轻的都市专业工作者” 。 雅皮士从事那些需要受过高等教育才能胜任的职业，如律师、医生、建筑师、计算机程序员、工商管理人员等。
他们的年薪很高。雅皮士们事业上十分成功，踌躇满志，恃才傲物，过着奢侈豪华的生活。
与嬉皮士们不同，雅皮士们没有颓废情绪，不关心政治与社会问题，只关心赚钱，追求舒适的生活。 雅非士意为“都市中失败的年轻人”。
他们虽然觉得自己的生活无法与雅皮士的生活相比，但又不愿意有失落感，并发誓要找到自己的归宿。 山姆大叔-Uncle Sam 它是美国的绰号与象征。
山姆大叔的英文为Uncle Sam，缩写是U。 S。
正好与美国的英文缩写相同。但它怎样成为美国的绰号和象征的呢？普遍的说法是：1812年，美英战争期间，美国特罗城有一个专门供应军用牛肉的商人（也有的说是军事订货的官员）名叫山姆尔？威尔逊（Samuel Wilson,1776—1854），人们平时都叫他山姆大叔（Uncle Sam）。
美国政府收购他的牛肉箱上都盖U。S。
字样。人们遂开玩笑说这些盖有U。
S。字样的箱子都是山姆大叔的。
后来“ 山姆大叔”便成了美国的绰号。19世纪30年代，美国画家又将“山姆大叔”画成一个留有山羊胡子的瘦长老人，帽子和裤子都有星条旗的标志。
黑色星期五---Black Friday “黑色”这一词，源出耶稣殉难日（Good Friday）。 1987年10月19日，纽约股票市场的股票价格暴跌，因这天是星期五，故称股票市场的“黑色星期五”。
10月19日纽约股市的股票指数普遍大幅度下降，超过了1929年10月28日引发经济大萧条的股票暴跌纪录。这天开市不久，即出现抛售股票的狂潮，纽约股市创下了破纪录的股市交易 6043亿股，使得美国几家大公司损失惨重，上市的5000家公司的整个股票价值，一天中就折损了5000亿美元。
股值暴跌迅速度卷世界各地大金融市场，引起了西方的极大恐慌，这次股票暴跌，是第一次世界大战以来股市最糟的一次，也是华尔街有史以来下跌幅度最剧烈的一次。
